Ayyukan Fitowa Na Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci: Hanyar Tarko, Ƙarar Ruwa, MaP, da Takaddun shaida

Fasaha & Kayayyaki

1. Abin da "Flush Performance" A Haƙiƙa yake Aunawa

Yin aikin ƙwanƙwasa shine ikon na'urar don motsa sharar gida daga kwano zuwa magudanar layin dogaro da dogaro, akan ƙarar ruwa mai iya tsinkaya, ba tare da yaɗuwa ko gazawar injina ba. Ya kamata ƙungiyoyin masu siye su karanta takamaiman takardar bayan gida na kasuwanci kamarlambobi hudu, ba kamar sifa ba:

Lamba	Abin da Yake gaya muku	Daga Inda Ya Fito	Alamar Kasuwanci
Diamita na tarko	Juriya na toshewa a ƙarƙashin amfanin duniya na ainihi{0}	Ma'aunin jiki a ƙuntataccen tarko	Mafi girma ko daidai da 51mm (2") cikakke mai kyalli, inda aka zartar
Juyawa ƙara	Kudin ruwa kowane amfani, matsayin yarda	Gwajin aikin da aka tabbatar-	3L ragewa / 6L cikakken ruwa mai dual (matsakaicin 4.5L)
Makin MaP	Ƙarfin fitar da sharar gida	Na uku - dakin gwaje-gwaje na MaP	500g+ misali; 800-1000g don manyan wuraren zirga-zirga{4}
Takaddun shaida	Samun doka zuwa kasuwan da aka nufa	ASME / CSA / cUPC jerin ƙungiyoyi	Saita daidai da kasuwar da aka nufa

Lambobi huɗu suna hulɗa. Ƙaƙƙarfan hanyar tarko tare da babban ƙarar ruwa na iya wuce gwajin MaP kuma har yanzu yana toshe sabis, saboda ainihin{1}} sharar duniya ta haɗa da abubuwan da kafofin watsa labarai na MaP ba su kwaikwaya ba. Faɗin tarko mai rauni mai rauni ya bar sharar da ke makale a bakin. Yin aiki mai laushi shine haɗakar lambobi huɗu - ba ko ɗaya ba.

2. Trapway: Dokokin 51mm - da Inda Ya Aikata

Abin da Trapway Yayi

Hanyar tarko ita ce hanyar ciki tsakanin magudanar kwano da haɗin magudanar ruwa. A cikin kwano na siphonic - babban ƙira a Arewacin Amurka da galibin Asiya {{2} ɗigon ruwa ya cika wannan hanya mai lanƙwasa, ya ƙirƙiri siphon, kuma ya kwashe kwanon. Geometry na Trapway yana ƙayyade ƙimar siphon duka da juriya. Hanyar tarko mara kyalkyali, tana kama takarda da tarkace; wannan shine ainihin dalilin da ya sa ƙayyadaddun kasuwanci ke buƙatar acikakken glazed nassidaga rim zuwa kanti.

Matsakaicin girman 51mm

Babban maƙasudin kasuwanci da aka ambata shine mafi ƙanƙanta51mm (2-inch) diamita na tarko da aka kiyaye ta cikin gaba ɗaya nassi. Mazaunan kwanoni yawanci suna auna 44mm a ƙuntatawa. A cikin gidan wanka na kasuwanci, bambanci tsakanin 44mm da 51mm shine bambanci tsakanin kiran yau da kullun -fita don toshewa da kuma abin da ya rayu tsawon shekaru goma na waje{6}}abu. Ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki da mahallin gwaji na MaP duka suna ɗaukar 51mm azaman toshe{9}}ƙasa na juriya don manyan aikace-aikacen zirga-zirga.

Inda Dokar 51mm Bata Aiki ba

Adadin 51mm ba doka ba ce mai girma ta duniya. Ya shafinauyi siphonic bowls tare da hadadden tarko- "inda ya dace" yana nufin daidai wannan. Abubuwa guda uku na gama-gari suna faɗuwa a wajensa:

• Wanke kwanuka(na kowa a Turai): babu tarko na ciki; Nassi ya fi guntu kuma ya fi tsayi, kuma ana sarrafa juriyar toshewa ta hanyar zane mai laushi maimakon tarko na lissafi.
• Katanga{0}}wasu kwanuka: suna fitowa a cikin wani ɓoyayyiyar ɗaukar kaya da shara; tarkon na tsarin jigilar kaya ne, ba na kwanon ba.
• Fitsari da magudanan ruwa: ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar ƙa'idodi masu girma dabam dabam.

Don kwano inda ka'ida ta yi aiki, tabbatar da shi a zahiri: ma'aunin caliper a ƙuntatawa ta tarko, wanda aka yi daidai da ƙa'idodin juriya na yumbura, yana kama simintin gyare-gyaren da "ya yi daidai" amma ya gaza tafsiri. Ana yanke shawarar ingancin tarko a matakin simintin gyare-gyare da kyalkyali na tsarin kera bayan gida na china -Babu matakin karshe{2}}majalisar da zai iya gyara tsautsayi.

3. Girman Juyawa: Dual 3L/6L- Kanfigareshan Tsara da Iyakokin Yanki

Mafi yawan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ruwa guda biyu{{0} akan ɗakunan bayan gida na nauyi da ake fitarwa a kasuwa shine3L rage / 6L cika: 3 lita na sharar ruwa, 6 lita na sharar gida. Matsakaicin matsakaicin rarrabuwar 50/50 na yau da kullun, kayan aikin 3/6L yana cinyewaLita 4.5 a kowace ruwa - kusan galan 1.19. Wannan adadi ɗaya shine dalilin da ya sa 3/6L dual flush ya zama saitunan fitarwa na asali: yana share ƙaƙƙarfan sharar dogaro kuma har yanzu yana ƙasa ƙarƙashin mafi yawan iyakoki.

Amma 3/6L shine tsarin daidaitawa,ba iyaka lambar duniya ba. Kasuwanni daban-daban suna jujjuya ƙarar daban, kuma dole ne a saita kayan aiki, gwadawa, da ƙwararrun ma'auni daidai da iyakokin kasuwar da ake nufi:

Kasuwa	Bukatar Mulki	Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi	Bayanan kula
Amurka (Tarayya)	Farashin 1992	6.0L (1.6 gpf)	Ya shafi kowane bandaki da aka sayar a Amurka
Amurka (WaterSense)	Bayanin EPA WaterSense	4.8L (1.28 gpf) matsakaici	Na son rai amma kusa -wajibi na ayyukan kasuwanci; Dual{1}} matsakaita ƙarar 50/50
Kanada	CSA B45.1 da lambobin aikin famfo na lardin	6.0L (1.6 gpf)	Tabbatar da tallafi na lardi
Tarayyar Turai	Farashin EN997	6.0L cikakken ruwa (class 1)	Wankin kwano na gama-gari

Matsakaicin 3/6L (matsakaicin 4.5L ≈ 1.19 gpf) yana gamsar da US WaterSense 1.28 gpf iyakar, madaidaicin 1.6 gpf na Tarayyar Amurka, da 6.0L rufi a Kanada da EU -amma kawai lokacin da aka saita na'urar zuwa ga waɗancan kundin a masana'anta kuma an tabbatar da su a cikin gwajin takaddun shaida. Alamar "3/6L" akan abin gyara wanda cikakken fitar da ruwa 6.5L gazawar bin doka ce tana jiran tantancewar kayan aiki. Nemi ƙwararriyar rahoton ƙwanƙwasa{5}, ba sitika ba.

4. Gwajin Map: Yadda Ake Auna Fitar Sharar

MaP - Mahimman Ayyuka- shine mafi yawan amfani da kima na aikin ruwa a Arewacin Amurka. Veritec Consulting ne ya haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Ruwa da Ruwa na Kanada, MaP tana auna yawan sharar roba da ɗakin bayan gida zai iya kwashe gaba ɗaya. Yana da a- kayan aikin ƙima na ɓangare na uku, ba buƙatun lamba ba kuma ba takaddun shaida ba.

Media da Protocol

• Gwajin kafofin watsa labarai:rufaffiyar hannayen riga cike da manna waken soya - daidaitaccen sharar roba tare da daidaiton yawa da halayen shear, wanda aka yi a cikin raka'a 250g.
• Protocol:Ana ƙara kafofin watsa labarai a cikin ƙarin 250g. A kowane matakin kashi dole ne kayan aiki ya ƙaura100% na kaya akan kowane gwaji na ruwakafin a ci gaba zuwa kari na gaba.
• Ci:Makin MaP shine mafi girman kashi, a cikin gram, inda kayan aikin ke samun cikakkiyar izini {{0}g, 500g, 800g, 1000g da sama.
• Sharuɗɗan Lab:an shigar da na'urar daidai daidai da umarnin masana'anta akan na'urar gwaji tare da madaidaicin magudanar ruwa; Ana tattara duk wani ruwa a auna shi.

Ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin kasuwanci galibi suna buƙataMaP 500g ko sama da haka; manyan wuraren zirga-zirgar ababen hawa - filayen jirgin sama, filayen wasa, wuraren wucewa- suna ƙara neman 800-1000g. Makin MaP baya hasashen toshewa daga abubuwan da ba daidai ba kamar tawul ɗin takarda ko marufi; wannan shine aikin tarkon. Yi la'akari da MaP a matsayin ma'auni na fitarwa da kuma hanyar tarkon 51mm a matsayin maƙasudin juriya - suna dacewa, ba masu musanya ba.

Makin MaP	Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun	Abin da ake nufi a Sabis
350g	Shiga{0}}matakin mazaunin zama	Yana share lodi na al'ada; gefe karkashin nauyi amfani
500g	Hasken kasuwanci	Madaidaicin mafi ƙarancin kasuwanci a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai da yawa
800g	Kasuwanci / cibiyoyi	Amintacce a ƙarƙashin ci gaba mai yawan zirga-zirga
1000g+	Manyan wuraren zirga-zirga{0}	Ajin iya fitarwa mafi girma

Tabbatar da cewa rahoton ya fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na MaP da aka amince da shi kuma a rubuta ainihin samfurin, ƙarar juzu'i, da rukunin kafofin watsa labarai. Da'awar MaP ba tare da rahoto jumla ce ta tallace-tallace ba.

5. Takaddar Tsarin Kasa: ASME A112.19.2, CSA B45.1, da cUPC - Matsaloli

Takaddun shaida shine inda kurakuran iyaka ke yin tsada. Alamomi guda uku da aka fi nema akan RFQs na kasuwanci -ASME A112.19.2, CSA B45.1, da cUPC- suna da alaƙa amma ba a iya musanya su ba, kuma babu ɗayansu da fasfo na duniya.

Ƙimar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa {{0}National Standard

ASME A112.19.2 da CSA B45.1 ana kiyaye su tare azaman adaidaita bi{0}} ƙa'idar ƙasa don kayan aikin bututun yumbura, wanda ke aiki a duka Amurka da Kanada. Yana saita ginshiƙan da za'a iya aiwatar da shi: iyakoki na amfani da ruwa, gogewa{1}}aiki ta yin amfani da daidaitattun kafofin watsa labarai na gwaji, daidaiton tsari (gami da gwajin lodi akan kwano da tanki), da kaddarorin kayan aiki. Don vitreous china, madaidaicin iyakokisha ruwa a 0.5% lokacin da aka gwada ta ASTM C373- kadarorin da ke hana kayan kasuwanci daga jikewa da danshi, wari, da tabo tsawon shekaru na sabis. Mafi yawan fitarwa-ungiyoyin tallace-tallace suna cikin kwanciyar hankali sun doke rufin 0.5%; gwajin tabbatarwa shine ya tabbatar da hakan.

cUPC vs UPC: Alamomi biyu, Kasuwa biyu

cUPCshine alamar tabbatarwa gaKasuwar Kanada, wanda IAPMO R&T ke gudanarwa a kan Ka'idojin Rubutun Ruwa na Kanada da ka'idojin CSA/ASME masu dacewa.UPCita ce takwararta ta Amurka, don hukunce-hukuncen Amurka waɗanda suka yi amfani da Lambar Samar da Tufafi. Babu alamar da ke madadin ɗayan:

Mark / Standard	Iyakar	Abin da Ya Kunsa	Abin da Baya Rufewa
ASME A112.19.2 / CSA B45.1	US + Kanada	Tsarin yumbura{0}} ita kanta: yawan ruwa, aikin tarwatsewa, daidaiton tsari, Kasa ko daidai da 0.5% sha ruwa	Ta kanta, ba ta ba da alamar takaddun shaida ko jeri na kasuwa ba
cUPC (IAPMO R&T)	Kanada	Jerin samfura don Kasuwar Kanada a ƙarƙashin Lambobin Uniform Plumbing na Kanada	Hukunce-hukuncen Amurka (suna buƙatar jerin sunayen Amurka kamar UPC)
UPC (IAPMO R&T)	Jihohin Amurka suna amfani da Lambar Samar da Tufafi	Jerin samfuran don waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen	Kanada, da jihohin Amurka suna ɗaukar Lambobin Ƙirar Ruwa ta Duniya (IPC)

Ga jihohin da suka rungumiLambar Bututun Ruwa ta Duniya- sauran manyan dangin lambar Amurka- sharuɗɗan yarda sun sake bambanta. Shi ya sa tambaya ta farko ga kowane mai kaya yakamata ta kasance:wace kasuwa ce, kuma wace lamba ce wannan kasuwa ta dauka?

Zubar Ruwa Kasa da ko daidai da 0.5% a cikin Sarkar QC

Rufin sha na 0.5% yana haɗa takaddun shaida baya ga masana'anta. Ana auna shaye-shaye akan samfuran jikin da aka kora ta ASTM C373 (dafaffen hanyar ruwa), kuma masana'anta masu yarda suna gwada shi a ƙayyadaddun tazara - ba sau ɗaya a kowace ƙaddamar da samfur ba. Cikakkar ƙa'idar gwajin QC don kayan tsabtace yumbura ta rufe inda shayar da ruwa, ɗigowa, da zubar da ruwa ke zaune a cikin jerin abubuwan dubawa, kuma jagorar juriyar juriya ta ƙunshi yadda ake tabbatar da tarko da ƙaƙƙarfan ma'auni a kan ingantaccen zane.

6. Ƙofar QC Factory: Gwajin Media, Leak, Ambaliyar ruwa, da Flush Valve

Takaddun shaida yana tabbatar da samfurin samarwa. Factory QC ya tabbatar da jigilar kaya. Ƙofofi huɗu suna da mahimmanci don yin aikin ruwa:

• Kafofin watsa labaru na gwaji:gwajin aikin -layi -gwajin aikin yana amfani da irin na roba{2}}iyalin kafofin watsa labarai iri ɗaya kamar gwajin takaddun shaida - waken soya{4}}manna kafofin watsa labarai da aka yi amfani da shi a ƙimar da aka ƙididdigewa, tare da ƙarin nama da kafofin watsa labarai na granule don sufuri da ball{5} halayen sharewa. Masana'antar da ta tsallake gwajin tushen kafofin watsa labarai kuma tana gudanar da "ruwa kawai" kawai ba ta gwada aikin kwata-kwata.
• Gwajin leka:an cika kwanon da aka haɗa da tanki kuma an riƙe su a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na hydrostatic; duk wani abin da ke gani a cikin jiki, glaze pinholes, ko tanki -zuwa{1}}aramin kwano ya gagari naúrar. An tabbatar da hatimin tarko a ƙaƙƙarfan50mm ku- a ƙasan wancan, iskar gas ɗin magudanar ruwa ta shiga ɗakin kuma na'urar ta gaza dubawa.
• Gwajin wuce gona da iri:tare da cika tanki da kuma toshe bawul ɗin ruwa, bututun da ke kwarara dole ne ya ɗauki ruwa zuwa kwanon ba tare da yayyo bayan murfin tanki ko kujerar bawul ba {{0} yanayin rashin gazawar da ke bayan “tankina ya cika ƙasa” koke-koke.
• Jurewa bawul:Ana ci gaba da zagayawa ta hanyar bawul ɗin cika / zubar da ruwa; kasuwanci - ana tabbatar da tsarin sa250, 000+ zagayowara kusan 60{3}} tazara na biyu, tare da ƙarar juzu'i da ke riƙe tsakanin ±10% na ƙimar da aka ƙima bayan gwajin. Rashin gazawar Valve shine lamba -daya dalili na maye gurbin bayan gida na kasuwanci da wuri - rahoton sake zagayowar shine maganin.
• Ruwan sha:kora{0}}samfurin jiki daga batch iri ɗaya ana gwada su ta ASTM C373 da ƙasa da ko daidai da 0.5% rufi, kuma ana shigar da sakamakon kowane kaya na kiln, ba kowane oda ba.

Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙofofin da zai iya gyara hanyar tarko da ba ta da kyau sosai a matakin simintin gyare-gyare ko kyalkyali da aka kunna. Shi ya sa wasan kwaikwayo ya fara tashi sama a cikin tsarin kera bayan gida na china - simintin gyare-gyare, gyale, da harbe-harbe suna tantance ingancin saman tarko da yawan jiki wanda QC ke tantancewa.

Jerin Bayanan Siyayya

Kafin ba da odar siya don bandakunan kasuwanci, mai siye ya kamata ya iya yiwa kwalaye biyar lamba:

1. Trapway Mafi Girma ko daidai da 51mman tabbatar da shi ta hanyar auna jiki - inda ƙirar kwanon ke da hanyar tarko.
2. Juyawa ƙaraan daidaita kuma an tabbatar da shi don kasuwa mai zuwa- 3L/6L mai dual flush inda aka yarda, tare da ingantaccen rahoton aikin ruwa{2}} a hannu.
3. Makin MaP na 500g ko sama da hakadaga dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da shi, wanda aka rubuta ta kowane samfuri.
4. Saitin takaddun shaida ya dace da kasuwa- ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 yarda da madaidaicin jeri (cUPC na Kanada, jeri na Amurka da ya dace don Amurka), an tabbatar da shi akan rajistar jikin mai ba da shaida.
5. Ruwa ƙasa da ko daidai da 0.5% (ASTM C373)tare da bayanan matakin batch{0}, da yoyon fitsari, ambaliya, da rahotannin bawul mai zagaye 250,000.

Yin aikin ruwa shine mafi kyawun ingancin bayan gida na kasuwanci yana da: ana gwada shi sau da yawa a rana, kowace rana, ta kowane mai amfani. Matakan da suka tsira daga babban sabis na zirga-zirga ba sune waɗanda ke da mafi kyawun kwafin tallace-tallace ba - sune waɗanda aka ƙayyade tarkonsu, ƙarar ƙararrawa, makin MaP, da saitin takaddun shaida, aunawa, da kuma tantancewa kafin jigilar kaya.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi